From the early 1920s until 1939, Matisse divided his time between the South of France and Paris. While recuperating from two major operations in 1941 and 1942, he concentrated on a technique he had devised earlier, 'papiers découpés' (paper cutouts), which would prove hugely influential, and was one of the first painters to take an interest in "primitive" art. He died on November 3, 1954, in Nice.